Aluminum wheels with non-cyanide electroplating copper plating solution

Aluminum Sheet cyanide copper plating solution , characterized by comprising 180 ~ 220g / L of copper sulfate , 30 ~ 80mL / L sulfuric acid , 80 ~ 160ppm chloride , 5.0 ~ 10.0mL / L open cylinder agent UM, 0.4 ~ 0.6mL / L filling agent UA, 0.4 ~ 0.6mL / L brightener UB and water .

Plating method comprising immersing the workpiece first aluminum wire sink zinc cyanide displacement reaction occurs in solution in the aluminum wheel surface zinc layer of the workpiece ; plug it into the cathode copper cyanide plating solution, with phosphor as an anode , in aluminum wheels copper surface of the workpiece . The present invention deposition speed, high filling plating , coating easy to produce pinholes, low internal stress , rich extensibility and will not pollute the environment.

Comprehensive knowledge of aluminum profiles

Is aluminum rod by hot melt extrusion , to obtain different cross-sectional shapes of an aluminum material . Aluminum production processes including casting, extrusion and color ( color include: oxidation, electrophoresis coating, fluorine carbon spraying, powder coating , etc. ) 3 process .

Aluminum use is divided into :

An industrial aluminum profile : mainly used in aircraft, trains, industrial radiators , automotive, electrical and so on.

2 Aluminum Profiles : mainly used in construction windows and doors , curtain wall , interior decoration and building structure with aluminum .

Divided by aluminum surface treatment :

1 anodized aluminum : anodized surface profile , electrolytic coloring or organic coloring.

2 . Electrophoretic coating Aluminum Plates: anodized surface profile and electrophoretic coating composite processing .

3 powder coating aluminum: the surface profile thermosetting organic polymer powder coatings do .

4 PVDF coating aluminum: the surface profile to polyvinylidene fluoride varnish for coating. Currently, the widespread use of thermal profiles , is to take the wear strip or mastic compound of an aluminum alloy profiles.

Key indicators :

1 appearance: anodized surface profile does not allow electric burns, shedding affect the use of oxide film defects ; electrophoresis, powder paint after painting fluorocarbon profiles should be uniform , clean , smooth, not allowed to have wrinkles , cracks , bubbles, flow marks , inclusions and paint loss and other defects affect the use , but in the end 80mm profiles within the permitted without local film . Aluminum Profiles appearance quality affect construction decorative effect , so the factory must have a profile surface coating , to avoid transportation , stacking process surface scratches, bumps and corrosion. Some of aluminum profiles on the market there is a similar waterlines shaped cavity , moldy spots phenomenon , reflecting the production process defects.

(2) Thickness: the thickness profiles are the main factors affecting strength of machined parts , one of the main profile is the force in the project area . For example, the main profile outside the window specified minimum nominal wall thickness of not less than 1.4mm.

3 Thickness : Extruded good aluminum alloy, its surface is not strong corrosion resistance is required in order to increase the surface treatment of aluminum corrosion resistance , abrasion resistance and exterior aesthetics . Anodized aluminum thickness level is divided into AA10, AA15, AA20, AA25, electrophoretic coating aluminum thickness level is divided into A. B. S, powder-coated aluminum decorative surface coating minimum local thickness ≥ 40um, PVDF coating aluminum decorative surface paint coating thickness due to the different types , with different requirements , two Tu average thickness ≥ 30um, three Tu average thickness ≥ 40um, four Tu average thickness ≥ 65um.

4 . Chemical composition, mechanical properties: different grades of aluminum profiles , delivery status and its chemical composition, mechanical properties of technical parameters are different , the customer should control standards ( contract ) one by one check .

5 colors and color : different grades, there is a supply state of the alloy color and color difference. Suggested the use of alloy grades and supply state, fully consider the color and color inconsistencies on the building structure.

6 Resistance to salt spray corrosion , wear resistance, weatherability , mortar , etc. : This is an important technical parameters of aluminum profiles , aluminum profiles reflect performance , affect use.

Precautions foil rolling operations

Note the following:

( 1 ) Aluminum rolling pass reduction rate is generally about 50%, the thickness of the finished box timber 0.03mm and below , finished rolling passes generally use doublet rolling . Finished thickness of 0.01mm and below the doublet pass before rolling and trimming ; greater than 0.01mm. Less than 0.03 mm in the last one secondary trimming ; greater than 0.03mm is not cutting, trimming per edge trimming of not more than 15mm.

( 2 ) the production of wide width should follow the first roll , the latter principle of rolling narrow , edge or surface gloss aluminum inconsistent.

( 3 ) each rolling pass on the roll surface have different requirements . Incoming thick rough rolling , to a large reduction , rolling oil with some people want to be more . Oil temperature should be lower, you can take a lot of heat emitted during rolling . In order to bring more people rolling oil , roll some of the rough surface will worn ; when the roll roll roll slightly smaller than crude ; finishing some finer roller surface to get a better surface finished Al Foil.

( 4 ) a thin film finishing rolling . In order to obtain a thin film , mainly to improve the rolling oil . General roughing oil temperature 20-40 ℃, finishing oil ju 40-60 ℃. Improved oil , can film thinning , can improve the surface quality of aluminum foil .

What effect anodized disposal

Aluminum and alloys after anodizing equipment disposal , you can make a layer made ​​of aluminum and its alloys look much more than the natural oxide film thickness fine film . This layer of oxide film and then the whole story off manually dispose of non- crystalline oxide film into a crystalline oxide film , the pore is also closed , thus making the same metallic gloss appearance can be durable , corrosion function, the mechanical strength has increased , embellishment can be achieved by staining appearance . Because aluminum and its alloy products after anodizing the whole story has many features, so the Anodized Aluminum process in aluminum look wider use of disposal . Use in industry can be broadly divided into the following categories:

( 1) to avoid corrosion products : Because the anodized film obtained by the closure of the appropriate disposal of the whole story in the atmosphere has good stability . Whether from the sulfuric acid solution , oxalic acid or chromic acid solution obtained in the normal process of the oxide film , the corrosion is a very good function , such as household aluminum pan , pot, washing interior and so on. Chromic acid oxidation method for aluminum welding parts together and riveting pieces .

( 2 ) protection - embellishment : high transparency in the obtained oxide film , the oxide film can be adsorbed with a variety of organic dyes or inorganic pigments characteristics , the oxide film can be obtained in a variety of light colors and pictures handsome , and in recent years not the presentation of new technology , such as less oxidized repeated once colored fireworks picture , wood picture , oxidative handling offset printing , ceramic oxide , so that even more handsome aluminum pleasing appearance , this layer of film is both colorful decorative layer , but also resists , such as lighters , fountain pens and crafts.

Brief special sublimation powder coating aluminum

Powder coatings, often referred to as dry paint is an environmentally friendly product that can offer more variety and more colors . We see more and more industries , more and more areas of application of powder coatings. With the rapid development of aluminum industry , used in powder coatings on aluminum has become a specialized branch , and gradually replace the electrophoretic paint and fluorocarbon . With the transfer of technology, but also to make special aluminum powder coating more colorful.

Requires a high strength Aluminum Alloys weatherability and decorative, therefore , must be performed on the aluminum surface treatment, surface treatment of aluminum are mainly organic coating, comprising powder coating , fluorocarbon coating and wood processing , the wood processing is also performed on the powder coating of the . Wood processing technology is divided into two kinds of water transfer and heat transfer , the technology into China since the late 1990s , with the rapid development in recent years . Its main characteristic is transferred image colorful, rich layers, its effect can be comparable with the printing and thermal transfer printing difference is that at high temperatures by sublimation thermal transfer ink , to multicolor patterns once into a graph, without trapping , condensate formed after the pattern of bright colors , and can penetrate into the powder paint coating inside 40 to 60 microns. Therefore, durable heat transfer products , patterns will not fall off , cracking and fading. Heat transfer products will not change the original gloss, abrasion resistance , weather resistance, acid and alkali resistance and other characteristics , heat transfer surface only play decorative effect. Entire heat transfer industry , has developed into a now largely complete supporting systems, including powder coating, spraying , heat transfer machine , transfer paper and transfer film manufacturing .

Thermal transfer technology but also to the emergence of powder coatings and presents new challenges that require the use of powder coatings, must be connected with thermal transfer paper, film matches , to get good transfer effect . Therefore, to explore the powder coating film sublimation thermal transfer technology and research powder coating formulation is necessary .

Thermal transfer technology in the aluminum on the application, no doubt to the special aluminum powder coating has brought boundless vitality, but also enriched the colorful nature of powder coatings . Many powder coating production plants are set up a special research and test team and specialized production workshop , there have been many professional production plant. These thermal transfer technology for developing special aluminum powder coating to promote the development has played a positive role. However , we also see the tear issues are also plagued some manufacturers . I have been to some of the aluminum powder coating plant, aluminum stickers and evacuation process is very smooth, but the tearing process becomes jammed and most of them were gathered in the tear-off and the final surface cleaning processes. How to make up tearing process is simple and smooth , powder coating formulations designed to explore aspects of the powder coating process to study coating , wood grain pattern ink on paper quality is also worthy of attention.

Aluminum sliding doors exactly how to choose

Modern home concept , more inclined to save space, can be customized as well as environmentally friendly and practical aspects , including sliding doors in addition to the living room , kitchen, balcony , etc. play a spatial separation and increasing the role of privacy , but also can effectively reduce the noise , sound insulation , heat insulation performance is also very advantageous. However, many types of sliding doors , the price difference is big , how to choose what ?

Key 1: see profile section

Sliding doors on the market profiles of 6063 GB Aluminum Alloys and recycled aluminum two kinds . High quality sliding door profiles using GB 6063-T5 ( aluminum, silicon, strontium, copper, magnesium , manganese alloy ) , tough degree have a great advantage , but the thickness can reach 1.4mm or more, while quality than low profiles for the recycled aluminum , toughness and life is reduced. 6063-T5 profiles mostly use high-end imported wood handle , decorative performance is very good, and some businesses in order shoddy, often using recycled aluminum surface painted the way , consumers in the purchase, should allow business products section of the profile in order to understand the real material .

Key 2 : Listen pulley vibration

Sliding doors were upper and lower two pulleys . Slide from the guide , because mounted on the upper orbit , consumers often do not pay attention when purchasing . Good slide structure is relatively complex , not only compact, but also anti- strike rubber block doors to slide smoothly directed , effectively prevent strike action when the sliding door , and there is a strong wind pressure capacity , almost no noise. Consumers Do not be mistaken in the selection of sliding doors sliding slipping in the lighter the better , in fact, high-quality sliding doors slide should be in with a certain dignity, smooth and without vibration.

Key 3 : pick orbital altitude

To track the rational design directly affects the comfort and use of the product life , consumers should choose the optional foot feeling good , and help clean style, while , in order to house the elderly and children safe , to track height of not more than 5mm as well, which in the time of installation to be done effectively combined with ground handling .

Key 4 : Elect safety glass

In addition to not use transparent glass bathroom door , the other to occupy most of the glass sliding doors , glass doors directly determines the price level . Best selection of standard 5 +9 A +5 hollow glass , broken not hurt , high safety factor . And have excellent sound and heat insulation properties.

Key 5: pick Edge fastness

Popular on the market strips are PVC, EPDM and silicone , EPDM silicone better, not aging and corrosion profiles, glass . Also PVC shedding deformation, and prolonged use of oxidation occurs ( with a layer of oily , sticky hands , sticky dust ) .

Aluminum windows and doors cause water seepage and water ways

Construction of leakages in aluminum doors and windows during use is the most common , but also more difficult to cure , and over the years has become the most common aluminum alloy doors and one of the maladies . With China's large-scale residential development , doors and windows of the monomer increasingly large area and wall , resulting in more and more obvious its water leakage problem , which is a great influence on the quality of construction , economic loss caused by can not be estimated . Which reminds us to strengthen research waterproof aluminum windows and doors , to form an effective waterproof measures to effectively improve product quality. The following analysis of several common reasons and aluminum doors and windows leaking solution .

One , mainly due to water seepage analysis of Aluminum Alloys windows and doors

1 , aluminum windows and doors in the design process itself causes structural defects . Windows main structural strength and rigidity press failed to meet local wind energy target, such as the cross-section of small , thin wall thickness , resulting in aluminum windows and doors of the force rod parts, hardware fittings , seals and adhesive material under normal wind loads under the effect of severe plastic deformation , crack or damaged , resulting in failure to produce doors and windows sealed body water leakage . The reason is the product fails to accurately regulate the strength calculation and design, and is not passed before the factory-installed wind pressure caused by the physical performance test windows leak water .

2 , aluminum doors waterproof structure design is unreasonable, waterproof seal profile section level is not enough , there is no more drainage channels. When the rain in indoor and outdoor air pressure under the action easily into the cavity and into the interior aluminum doors and windows , aluminum doors and windows and into the cavity of the rain , but not through the drainage system of aluminum windows and doors smoothly discharged outdoors and stay inside with doors and windows resulting in stagnant water and produce leakage.

3 , processing and installation process can not reach the quality requirements cause . Aluminum windows and doors installed in the field , the assembly size control is not good , so that the position of each lap seal have misplaced or overlap each other undersize ; box fan fight angle seam not sealed, not glue ; or because of the pressure foot and there is a gap , door frames for fixing the fastening screws no glue closure , sealed with a sealant when sealing parts of uncleaned surfaces .

4 , materials and accessories for material differences caused . Aluminum windows and doors with sealant strips and hardware accessories such as auxiliary of inferior quality. If sealant use outdated or counterfeit fake plastic, anti- displacement capability, easy to crack ; strips excellent anti-aging time is short, easy to pull off contraction ; hardware accessories poor quality , can not afford to break or repeatedly turned deformation caused by closed lax , resulting in leakages.

5 , aluminum window frames and exterior doors connecting areas filling the hole wall sealing properly, the gap between the wall and the hole too large or too small , causing doors and windows difficult to fix and easy to produce inaccurate filling cracks , which are often caused by the construction unit . Is also one of the causes of water seepage .

Second, for the above reasons waterproof approach taken

1, the design and preparation phase . First, according to the standard should be based on the engineering characteristics of rigorous calculation and design , aluminum wall thickness, cross-section , etc. to meet the local building wind load size and use requirements. Window frames on the wall in front of the door , select the most unfavorable wind pressure or volume in the overall detection window for three , truly physical performance test to determine whether the doors meet the design requirements and performance indicators .

2 , doors and windows structural waterproofing design .

( 1 ) Aluminum alloy doors and windows when the active use of structural design isobaric principle is to improve the performance of windows and doors sealing the most effective way .

( 2 ) Events Fan amount of overlap with the sash can not be too small. Activities fan and sash casement amount of overlap should not be less than 6mm.

( 3 ) high-rise buildings , cold regions and areas with high energy requirements , maximize the use of casement windows and doors structure, with little or no sliding doors and windows structure. Because sliding windows and doors with top and bottom rails activities fan there is a big gap between and adjacent to two sashes not in the same plane, two sash seal between the clamping force is not there , relying solely on lap tops for overlap , while the gap between the tops , sealing effect is very weak , so the sliding doors and sealing performance is poor. The sash casement windows and doors and window frames have between two to three sealing rubber strip seal , after the sash closed and locked tight pressure seal strip , but it is easy to form the intermediate cavity pressure chamber , etc. , so you can design and excellent sealing performance windows and doors .

( 4 ) Install glass doors aluminum and glass design in the interior pressure line should be the direction , to avoid glass pressure line and the slight gap between sash seepage .

( 5 ) types of windows and doors sliding down to design the interior side of the flap is high enough , or when there is a certain pressure outdoor rainwater , rainwater will flow over the flap interior .

( 6 ) should be set to the upper fan doors activities Phi water board , the lower displacement provide sufficient drainage holes , so that the water can enter the doors smoothly discharged outdoors.

( 7 ) Combination doors to minimize the exposed seams , cracks can not be used because of subtle sealant arising from leakage. Exposure can not be avoided due to structural reasons patchwork , then seams profiles two contact surfaces forming 90 °, easy to inject sealant .

3 , windows and doors cutting, assembly areas to improve the production of fine level to ensure proper amount of overlap , the need to pay special attention to fans and fan inlay glass and fan with the surrounding frame lap seal case .

4 , materials and accessories for the selection of materials . Excellent choice of weathering silicone sealant, glue and frame wall fan fight angle seam sealant ; choose the regular manufacturers of hardware accessories.

5 , aluminum doors four weeks with the hole wall joints to ensure the gap size to meet the requirements , enabling between sealed and filled with waterproof material packing seal.

Conclusion

In summary , aluminum doors seepage problem may be related to the design, installation , processing, and construction units, and so on , as long as we strengthen the study of water seepage problem , summarize, take effective measures, and to strengthen the monitoring of quality of water seepage , it must able to build high-quality , seepage little aluminum doors and windows products.

Select aluminum skid plate method

A look at the use of materials , quality of aluminum used in aluminum skid plate , thickness, strength and oxidation film , should conform to the relevant standards, the wall thickness should be 1.2 mm or more, tensile strength of 157 Newtons per square millimeter , yield strength to 108 Newton per square millimeter , the oxide film thickness of 10 microns. If you can not reach the above criteria , is inferior aluminum windows and doors , can not be used.

Second look processing , high-quality aluminum alloy skid plate , fine processing , mounting stress, good sealing performance, switch freely . Poor quality aluminum windows and doors , aluminum blind selection series and specifications , processing shoddy, to replace the sawing and milling machining is not required for installation, sealing performance is poor, the switch does not freely, not only leaks and the emergence of glass burst leakage phenomenon, and the case to strong winds and external , easy to pull off some or glass blowing or touching down, destroy property wounding .

Third, look at the price , under normal circumstances , high-quality Aluminum Alloys skid plate due to high production costs , cheaper than inferior aluminum skid plate to be about 30% higher . Currently self-employed processing aluminum skid plate more, they do not know the structural characteristics of aluminum alloy skid plate and its properties. In order to reduce the cost of cutting corners, shoddy products hidden larger, generally should not be used . The best selection of regular aluminum skid plate manufacturer of the product .

Current Theories of aluminum stress corrosion

After more than a century of research , the mechanism for causing SCC academia there are still differences . Now generally accepted mechanism of hydrogen-induced cracking and anodic dissolution mechanism .

1 , hydrogen-induced cracking

Since the mid-seventies , many experiments show , 7 × × × series high strength aluminum alloy SCC is hydrogen-induced cracking mechanism . The theory is that : ( 1 ) the migration of hydrogen through the grain boundary dislocations to accumulate around the precipitates , the bonding strength of the grain boundaries greatly reduced , weakening the grain boundary , resulting in intergranular fracture ; ( 2 ) the accumulation of hydrogen within the crack , promote the formation of hydrogen pressure alloy fracture ; ( 3 ) to promote hydrogen alloy deformation which results in fracture ; ( 4 ) to promote the formation of hydride alloy fracture. currently proposed mechanism of hydrogen induced cracking has the following theory :

(a) hydrogen pressure of theory : When the metal present in supersaturated H, the microscopic defects in the various combined into H2, room temperature, the reaction is not reversible , that will not decompose into H2 H. H2 concentration increases as the defect , hydrogen pressure also increases when the hydrogen pressure is greater than the yield strength will produce local plastic deformation , so that the surface muster , forming hydrogen bubbles .

(b) a weak bond theory : reduction of hydrogen atoms in the metal bond strength , when the local stress concentration equal atomic bonding force of atomic bond rupture, micro- crack nucleation .

(c) reduce the surface energy of hydrogen theory : hydrogen bonding force at the same time reduce the inevitable lowering the surface energy , and vice versa . hydrogen adsorbed on the metal surface inside the crack , the surface can be reduced , resulting in crack instability critical stress required to decline due to did not consider the plastic deformation work , so the metal does not apply.

(d) Comprehensive hydrogen induced cracking mechanism : This mechanism considering promoting local plastic deformation of hydrogen , hydrogen atoms bond together and reduce the role of hydrogen pressure .

2 , anodic dissolution

Anodic dissolution theory [ 7-9 ] that the anodic dissolution of the metal continues to lead SCC crack nucleation and expansion , resulting in the fracture alloy Anodized Aluminum dissolution SCC main points of the theory are as follows:

( 1 ) Anode channel Theory : the corrosion along the local channels and cracks occur , the tensile stress perpendicular to the channel , the local concentration of stress on the crack tip . Aluminum alloy anode channel consists of a pre-existing grain boundary phase difference caused by the substrate potential , and then the crack opening stress exposing a fresh surface in this case , accelerated corrosion along the grain boundaries .

( 2 ) slip dissolution theory: the occurrence of SCC aluminum oxide film on the surface of the existence of local weak spots in the alloy matrix under stress along the sliding parts arising wrong move , the formation of slip ladder when sliding ladder , surface film can not slip ladder with the formation of the corresponding deformation occurs , the membrane will rupture and fresh bare surface in contact with the corrosive medium , undergoing rapid anodic dissolution .

( 3 ) membrane rupture theory: the presence of corrosive media, metal surface protection film , as reactive ion suffer from stress or rupture caused by the action of , exposed fresh surface with the rest of the surface film to form the small yang great cathode corrosion cell , resulting in fresh surface of the anode dissolved.

3 , anodic dissolution and hydrogen-induced cracking joint action

Anodic dissolution and hydrogen-induced cracking are two different concepts, simple anodic dissolution can be prevented by cathodic protection , and for the hydrogen-induced cracking, cathodic polarization tend to promote cracking and some system dominated by anodic dissolution , some places hydrogen mainly induced cracking of aluminum alloys SCC often include both process and to a sharp distinction between the two phenomena is actually difficult.

Najjar , etc. [ 10 ] found that 7050 aluminum alloy in 3% NaCl solution SCC is due to anodic dissolution and hydrogen-induced cracking result of joint action . Initially, the alloy grain boundaries particle potential difference exists , the occurrence of local anodic dissolution , resulting in rupture of the passive film formed critical defects , micro- crack initiation with partial anodic dissolution of grain boundary increases, reducing the H atoms diffuse into the process zone , and microscopic characteristics of the structure , the crack tip stress and plastic strain interactions , causing damage .

In addition to the SCC mechanism , the researchers also studied the SCC from other angles mechanisms , including SCC surface migration theory , SCC dislocation -free zone theory and semi-empirical model of crack growth .

Regeneration and scrap processing methods

Recycled aluminum in the major developed countries in the production of aluminum increasing prominence . Developed countries, the possession of primary aluminum and aluminum recycling ratio is close to or exceeds 1:1 . For this reason, the Al scrap recycling has become the world attaches great importance to the work , and has become an important industry.

However , Aluminum Alloys recycling and regeneration is a very complex technical work , using a variety of wide range of aluminum products , the use of decentralized , how to recycle concentration, classification , again to achieve regeneration process and so is very complicated huge project . Second , around the world, alloy composition , hundreds of different properties of the alloy , wherein the alloy constituent elements of many mutually exclusive , are not compatible. How the easiest way , at the lowest cost , most efficient process the waste Al regenerating ingredients satisfactory or alloy requirements, performance meet the use, quality can reach or near native material levels of recycling technology is the world of the industry to pursue goals .

Developed countries has formed a sound mixed aluminum scrap collecting, managing , sorting systems, to adapt the expanding market demand, developed countries continue to introduce new production technology innovations , such as low-cost continuous smelting and processing technology, the low- miscellaneous scrap grade aluminum upgrade process, etc. , mixed with scrap aluminum has been able to mass-produce for casting, die casting , rolling and for the regeneration of the master alloy ingots with a maximum weight of 13.5 tons of ingots , including ingots remelted secondary ( RSI) for the manufacture of cans special sheets, each sheet quality has enabled the weight of cans down to only 14 grams, some recycled aluminum is also used to manufacture computer floppy disk drive frame.

But our country waste recycling aluminum complex concepts and knowledge in extent , but did not deepen into the United States, Japan and other developed countries to the point , China's largest and Asia's largest aluminum recycling business is located in the outskirts of Shanghai Shanghai Sigma Metals Limited company, which although there are two sets of 50 tons of smelting furnace , a group of 40 tonnes of fuel oil of smelting furnace ; 12 tons of fuel oil a rotary kiln , furnace not only these 50 tons of recycled China's largest aluminum melting furnace, and among the Asia's largest secondary aluminum melting furnace ranks. However, in some ring measures the level of technology , even the new grid company level in the domestic leading position, but it is still a foreign level of the eighties , as a number of small-scale, low yields, poor environmental practices of business or accounting most , technological innovation and environmental protection facilities in the implementation can be said to be difficult.

Insulated aluminum alloy design and assembly design

Building energy efficiency in recent years, the development of a basic world architectural trends , but also of contemporary science and technology building a new growth point . The structure of the building envelope , the less insulation of windows and doors . Therefore, improving the insulation performance of windows and doors are energy conservation a priority. Ministry of Construction promulgated the " government of the people building energy regulations in this premise, we Curtain Wall Engineering Co., Ltd. Shenzhen CATIC developed and designed Vertex insulated aluminum profiles energy-efficient windows .

Second, the development and design of the general idea

Insulated Aluminum Alloys profiles development and design of energy-efficient windows , we generally consider: performance optimization and classification , accessories versatility, markets selectively , cost performance and other aspects. Reference to national standards " of windows insulation properties and test methods," we developed and designed accordingly Vertex thermal profiles energy-efficient windows JN58, JN64, JN68 and JN78 series ( see Table 1 ) , for different regions, different requirements the owners have chosen .

Insulated aluminum profiles energy-efficient windows not only have excellent energy saving performance, but also has the following properties: ① Environmental resistance: excellent sound insulation performance , greatly reducing the noise pollution on the human body ; prevent dew condensation occur , protecting interior decoration ; ② aesthetics , using Casement opening method: mainly used for cleaning inside the open state ; mainly used within the inverted state of ventilation . In this way, not only to maintain the overall appearance of the building , but also enables a single room also seemed nice ; ③ coordination, energy-saving insulation profile aluminum window profiles can be processed separately and outside ( anodized or surface coating ) into different colors : the outdoor shapes and architectural decoration unity , indoor decoration profiles and building harmony .

Aluminum screen frame product application

An electronic aluminum frame : suitable for single -sided printed circuit boards, decals, glass, printing and other printing precision require manufacturers to use : semi-automatic screen printing presses operating mainly in the main part of the material is also suitable for manual printing .

2 treadmill printing aluminum frame : suitable treadmill printing, apparel printing , gifts , leather, plastic , glass products and toys printing manufacturers use ; printing jobs mainly for manual -type lines ( running machine ) operations.

3.CD, ceramic Aluminum Alloys frame : suitable for CD player, signs nameplate , Epoxy , keyboard , plastic, shell, etc. require manufacturers to use ordinary printing precision : print jobs to a small area of ??hand printing and printing machines based ; single frame can be customized and curved frames and other special-shaped box.

4 Precision Electronics aluminum frame : suitable for multi-layer circuit boards, LCD , SMT, membrane switch, ceramic decal , tobacco packaging printing manufacturers use high precision requirements : Printing jobs mainly in automatic screen printing machine-based , some are also suitable for precision semi-automatic screen printing presses.

5 large aluminum frame: suitable for large-scale outdoor four -color advertising, light printing, automotive glass, glass curtain wall and other large-format printers used to print large format screen printing work is mainly based.

Aluminum material before spraying Process Control

Aluminum Alloys spray a lot of pre-treatment process , depending on the circumstances , such as the spatial location of plant condition that the size of the workpiece material ( cold-rolled plate , hot-rolled plate, galvanized sheet , aluminum , glass, steel , etc. ) , the surface condition ( corrosion , anti-rust oil , debris ) , production volume , quality requirements and other options . Different manufacturers use different processes . If the overall passenger car production processes and quality requirements is basically the same , pre-treatment processes generally have the following two ways:

1 , parts pre-treatment

The typical process:

Pre- degreasing degreasing → ??washing → ??I → II → pickling → ??washing → ??washing in and III → table adjustment phosphate → washing IV → passivation

Our factory can be adjusted to the actual situation :

As pretreatment parts , acid rust is essential. However, the former process , the best corrosion member and non- corrosion member separate pieces pickling corrosion , non- corrosion member is preferably not to be pickled .

2 , pre-treatment products

Pre-treatment of the entire product is immersed in the bath products for surface treatment , there are a lot of manufacturers to adopt . Transfer process between a manual control and automatic control of two . Is the use of more advanced PLC program automatic control, can realize automatic transfer between processes . General process is: degreasing → ??washing → table adjustment phosphate → washing .

Processing used before spraying device is a combination spray cleaning machine , by means of spraying the cleaning principle mechanical and chemical action , to complete degreasing , phosphating , passivation, cleaning processes .

Joint typical spray cleaning machine processes are: degreasing , washing, table transfer, phosphating , passivation , washed with pure water .

Its structure is characterized by: each step pre-treatment production line sprinkler pipe arranged in a tunnel , spray each sump pump to provide. Various processes have openings plate separated to prevent channeling fluid. The form of the heating tank heating tank and outside the tank . Within the heater exhaust pipe, coiled pipe , corrugated board, etc. ; outside heater tube , plate heaters. Heating medium hot water, steam , oil and so on. In degreasing , phosphating processes , respectively, with degreasing systems and slag removal system . To prevent the heating section of the tunnel openings at the top and overflow steam exhaust fan in the tunnel at the top with .

The process control elements are as follows :

1 , skim

Degreasing degreasing agent mechanism is by saponification of various oils , solubilizing , wetting , dispersing , emulsifying effect, so that grease from the surface from , the material becomes soluble or emulsified uniformly dispersed stably in the groove fluid . Quality is evaluated based on skim skim the surface of the workpiece can not have a visual oil, emulsions and other dirt , the surface should be washed thoroughly wetted by water as the standard . The quality depends skim free alkalinity , the temperature of the degreasing liquid , the processing time , mechanical and degreasing liquid oil and other factors :

( 1 ) free alkalinity (FAL)

Degreasing agents in order to ensure the best results the appropriate concentration . Generally only need to detect degreasing fluid free alkalinity , FAL is too low, degreasing effect is relatively poor ; FAL too high, not only caused material waste , but also to increase the burden of back- washing , pollution will be severe after the sequence tables reconcile phosphorus technology .

( 2 ) the temperature of the degreasing liquid

Any one have the best degreasing degreasing liquid temperature, the temperature is lower than process requirements, can not be fully degreasing effect ; temperature is too high , not only increases energy consumption, but also bring some side effects. Such as degreasing agent evaporates too quickly , the workpiece surface is dry from the bath due to faster , easily causing artifacts return to rust , alkali spots , oxidation and other ills affecting the quality phosphide after the procedure . Automatic temperature control also needs to be checked regularly .

( 3 ) Processing time

Degreasing liquid oil on the workpiece must be full contact , there is sufficient contact time in order to ensure a good degreasing effect . But skim too long, blunt workpiece surface will increase , affecting phosphate film formation.

( 4 ) the impact of mechanical action

Degreasing process, supplemented by mechanical action , using pump circulation or workpiece moves , it can strengthen the degreasing effect and shorten the immersion cleaning time ; spray skim skim faster than dipping more than 10 times faster .

( 5 ) degreasing liquid oil content:

With the recycling of the bath , bath oil content will continue to increase inside , when a certain percentage, the degreasing effect of degreasing agents and cleaning efficiency will be significantly decreased , even if the bath by adding the drug to maintain a high concentration , the surface to be treated the cleanliness is still not improved. Degreasing liquid has been aging deterioration , must replace the entire tank . Production is generally based on the use of bath time and processing workload timely exchange slot.

2 , acid

Product manufacturing rolled steel molding or storage in the transport process , the surface will produce rust. As loose rust layer structure , and substrate adhesion is not strong, and can be composed of iron oxide and aluminum primary cells, to further promote aluminum corrosion, the coating will soon be destroyed, so it must be before painting Ex . Product is commonly used pickling rust, it does not make aluminum workpiece deformation , corrosion every corner can be cleaned, rust fast , relatively low cost. Mainly after pickling pickling quality of the workpiece should not be seen visually oxides, rust and corrosion phenomena over the standard , the impact effect of rust main factors :

( 1 ) free acidity (FA)

Determination of free acidity of the pickling tank FA, is to verify the effect of the level of the pickling tank rust most direct and effective evaluation. Low free acidity , rust poor results. Free acidity is too high, the work environment mist larger content is not conducive to labor protection ; aluminum surface is easy to produce "over eclipse " phenomenon ; and residual acid cleaning more difficult, easily lead to subsequent contamination of the bath .

( 2 ) temperature and time

Most pickling is carried out at room temperature , when heated pickling , the general control between 40 ℃ ~ 70 ℃ , while the temperature of the pickling capabilities greater impact, but the temperature is too high will increase the workpiece , corrosion of the equipment , the impact of the work environment is also very unfavorable ; and in the complete removal of rust under the premise of pickling time should be as short as possible to reduce the aluminum corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement . Therefore, the process should be strictly controlled bath temperature and workpiece processing time.

( 3 ) Pollution aging

Acid in rust process, will continue to bring oil or other impurities , which can be suspended impurities fishing manner by scraping to remove ; when soluble iron ions above a certain level , the bath will not only greatly reduce the effects of rust , and the excess iron ions with the surface of the raffinate tank mixed phosphate , phosphate bath pollution accelerated aging, seriously affect the quality of the workpiece phosphate , general acid content of iron ions should be controlled in not more than 6 % 10% is appropriate. Control targets must be replaced over the bath .

3, Table tune

Surface modifier can remove the workpiece surface due to alkali degreasing or pickling rust caused by the unevenness of the surface condition , the aluminum surface to form a large number of fine crystalline center , thus speeding up the reaction rate phosphate , beneficial phosphate film formation.

( 1 ) Water Quality

Used bath water in the aquifer as a serious rust , calcium and magnesium ion content greater surface conditioning liquid will affect the stability of the bath can be prepared in advance to add a water softener to remove liquid water on the surface conditioning effects .

( 2 ) use of time

General Table transfers colloidal titanium salt is used , the existence of colloidal activity , when the use of longer or more impurities contained in the colloidal ions lose activity , time stable colloidal state is destroyed , bath layered sediment , were flocculent In this case you must replace the bath .

4 , phosphate

Phosphate is a chemical and electrochemical reaction to form phosphate chemical conversion coating process , the formation of phosphate chemical conversion film called phosphate coating . Bus Painting commonly used low-temperature zinc phosphating solution . Phosphide main purpose is to provide protection to the aluminum substrate , to a certain extent, to prevent corrosion of aluminum ; used primer before painting , to improve the film layer attached focus and corrosion resistance . Phosphate pre-treatment process is the most important aspect of the reaction mechanism is complex and influenced by many factors , so the phosphate bath relative to the other bath is much more complex production process control .

( 1 ) acid ratio ( total acidity and free acidity ratio )

Phosphate acid ratio improved to accelerate the reaction rate, the phosphate coating thin and delicate, but the acid ratio is too high layer is too thin , it can lead phosphate workpiece hanging gray ; acid ratio is too low, the reaction is slow phosphide , phosphorus of crystal thick porous , corrosion resistance is low, prone to yellow rust phosphating workpiece . Generally phosphating liquid system or a different formula than the size of its acid requirements are also different .

( 2) Temperature

An appropriate increase in the bath temperature , film speed, but the temperature is too high, the changes will affect the acid ratio , thereby affecting the stability of the bath , while thick film nuclei , increasing the amount of the slag bath .

( 3 ) the amount of sediment

As the reaction continued for phosphate , the bath will gradually increase the amount of sediment , the excess sludge can affect the surface of the interface reaction , resulting phosphate film blur, gray hanging serious , or even film , so bath to according to the amount of the workpiece handling and use of timely trough time for slag desludging .

( 4 ) nitrite NO-2 ( accelerator concentration )

NO-2 can accelerate the phosphating reaction speed, increase the density of phosphate coatings and corrosion resistance , the content is too high to make the film prone to the phenomenon of white spots or hair color ; too low, the film is slow , phosphate coating Yi raw yellow rust .

( 5 ) SO2-4 sulfate

Acid concentration is too high or washing lotion are easily lead to poor control of phosphate bath of sulfuric acid ions increased , the high phosphate sulfate ions will slow down the reaction rate, the coarse grain porous phosphate film , hanging ash serious , phosphate coating corrosion resistance decreases.

( 6 ) ferrous ions Fe2 +:

Phosphating solution containing ferrous ions is too high , makes the room temperature phosphate coating corrosion resistance decreased ; make phosphate coating coarse grains in the temperature , the surface floating lime , corrosion resistance decreased ; phosphating sludge will increase in volume and temperature large , the solution becomes cloudy , and the free acidity increased.

5 , passivation ( closed )

The purpose of the passivation film is a closed porosity phosphate , phosphate coating to improve the corrosion resistance , especially to improve the overall coating adhesion and corrosion resistance . The general use of chrome and chrome- containing treatment in two ways, however, some type of passivation with alkaline salts (most phosphate , carbonate , nitrite , phosphate, etc. ) , these substances serious damage paint film 's long-term adhesion and corrosion resistance .

6 , washing

The purpose of washing is to remove from the surface brought out on a bath residue , washed their quality can directly affect the quality of the workpiece and the entire phosphating bath stability. Washing bath generally control the following:

( A ) sludge residue content is not too high . Prone to high levels of ash hung workpiece surface .

( 2 ) the bath surface should be without suspended impurities. General washing method using overflow washing, in order to ensure the bath surface without suspended oil or other impurities.

( 3 ) PH value should be close to neutral bath . PH value is too high or too low are likely to cause bath string grooves , thus affecting subsequent stability of the bath .

Aluminum plant equipment operation and maintenance rules

From the law of that Aluminum Alloys equipment wear, normal wear the longer the better use of equipment. In other words, to make the use of equipment in use on the best, we must ensure that normal wear and tear of equipment equal to the natural life. Thus, we can draw such a basic concept, that is, the device is put into production after use, I hope it is in use of the available time better.

Device performance level of availability of time is determined by the equipment downtime. To achieve this goal, various factors involved, it is the device itself, in addition to the quality of the composition (including performance reliability and durability, the structure is reasonable, the selection of advanced, reasonable, processing, manufacturing quality assurance, etc.) is the basic condition, the use of the correct, rational use, well maintenance, careful management, the objective is to extend the life of equipment requirements, give full play equipment effectiveness, improve the basic conditions for the time availability . Equipment downtime, the more work, the less time available, the time may be lower utilization; Conversely, time availability is higher.

Our vision is to require device can rate one hundred percent of the time. Practical work countless examples show that the same model, same manufacturer in the same period production equipment used in the same environmental conditions, because the conditions of use and maintenance pros and cons, effects a great disparity. This situation not only between two devices, even in the same piece of equipment will vary depending on the operational use of the use of personnel, maintenance level differences, the use effect is not the same.

Mastic awareness and understanding of complex aluminum

Aluminum Alloys and polymer composite insulating material is a combination of new windows, doors and curtain wall building materials. Through this combination of aluminum profiles form a central insulating interlayer, thus achieving "insulated aluminum" purposes. Insulated aluminum composite bridge mainly wear strip with mastic two types.

Mastic composite aluminum heat energy technology originated in the United States, in general, these techniques are the polymers and aluminum mixed. Companies on behalf of the United States Eliasson type composite aluminum casting technology, by pouring the bridge molded polyurethane insulation inside and outside the two-part aluminum bonding formed into a whole in order to achieve energy-saving purposes. Its performance, technology, cost and so very satisfactory. From the late 1930s, with the widespread use of aluminum doors and windows, some of the innovative American designers began to consider the aluminum door and window insulation is poor, so as to effectively solve the aluminum energy-saving technologies.

Aluminum crack causes and solutions

Cracks in the Aluminum Alloys extrusion profiles by tensile stress levels in the surface of different metal lateral tearing . The main cause of this phenomenon , the analysis , mainly the following :

First, because the friction causes the metal surface being attached to the role of tensile stress , when attached to a metal surface is greater than the tensile strength tensile stress is generated when the crack ;

Second, the extrusion temperature is too high , the metal surface tensile strength decline in the cracks under the action of friction ;

Third, the extrusion speed is too fast , the metal surface with tensile stress suffered cracks increase the profile .

The method can solve this reason , only the strict control of the extrusion process parameters to ensure reasonable exit speed and outlet temperatures , in order to reduce the phenomenon of aluminum crack . This requires the company's strict checks and supervision of production processes.

Aluminum and aluminum alloy anodized role

Aluminum and its alloys it will be oxidized in air is known , the aluminum surface is naturally formed oxide film of non- crystalline , it will make the surface of the aluminum metal lose their luster , though this layer of the natural oxide film causes the aluminum metal surface slightly passivated , but very thin , about 4 ~ 5nm, and the porosity , the mechanical properties are poor, it can not effectively prevent the air of various media further corrosion of the aluminum metal .

After anodic oxidation treatment , the aluminum and its alloys can be obtained on the surface layer is much more than the natural oxide film thickness of the dense layer ( from tens to hundreds of micrometers or microns). This layer and then through the artificial oxide film sealing treatment , non- crystalline form of the oxide film into a crystalline oxide film , pores can be closed, so the surface luster of the metal over the long term , corrosion resistance , mechanical strength are improved , dyed also receive decorative appearance. Since aluminum and its alloy products after anodizing has many features , so aluminum anodizing surface treatment of aluminum products in a wider application . In industrial applications can be divided into the following categories .

( 1) to prevent corrosion products : the anodic oxidation film obtained after proper sealing treatment in the atmosphere has good stability . Whether from the sulfuric acid solution , oxalic acid or chromic acid solution obtained in the normal process of the oxide film , which is a very good corrosion resistance , such as household aluminum pan , pot, washing interior and so on. Chromic acid oxidation method is particularly suitable for aluminum welding parts and riveting pieces .

( 2 ) protection - decoration : high transparency in the obtained oxide film , the oxide film can be adsorbed with a variety of organic dyes or inorganic pigments characteristics , the oxide film obtained bright light of various colors and patterns , and in recent years not the emergence of new technology , such as less oxidation times a colored fireworks pattern , wood grain pattern , oxidation offset transfer printing , ceramic oxide , so that the aluminum look more beautiful looking, this layer of color film is both a decorative layer , but also resists , such as lighters , fountain pens and crafts.

( 3 ) as the hard wear layer : in sulfuric acid or oxalic acid solution can be adjusted by the anodization process conditions , to obtain thick and hard layer , the use of film holes and to store the selective absorption properties of the fuel , used effectively to work under conditions of friction state , both lubrication and wear characteristics , such as cars and tractors engine cylinder , piston .

( 4 ) as an electrical insulating layer : Anodized Aluminum and its alloys oxide film having a large resistance characteristics, and the resistance is proportional to the thickness of the film , this feature as an electrical insulating property has a certain practical significance , can be used as capacitors the dielectric can also be used for alumina leather outer cable sheath , its surface layer for insulation instead of rubber and plastic foreskin foreskin is more popular in foreign countries , when the thickness of 27.5μm , the breakdown voltage of 441V. The use of phenolic resin as pore filling , which can increase wear voltage 2 times in the oxalic acid solution , when the film thickness increases , the availability of resistance 200Ω, the breakdown voltage of 980V for quality insulating layer , of course, to use this feature except for the conductor , but also can be used for other electrical appliances and so on.

( 5 ) for painting , plating the bottom : the oxide layer having a porous adsorption capacity and good , and the film and the organic film with good adhesion , the underlying paint can be used . Of phosphoric acid anodized aluminum plating film can be used as the bottom .

( 6 ) used in modern architecture : Since the introduction of aluminum electrolytic coloring process , in recent years, the domestic aspects of architectural aluminum electrolytic coloring applied to the increasing , it is not only suitable for architectural bronze shades , black, red , with its excellent abrasion resistance conventional oxidation in general , particularly worth mentioning is very good fastness , more than 20 years in the atmosphere Needless sun dew color , which is incomparable with oxidative coloring . Oxidized aluminum electrolytic coloring method can be used in building windows and doors not only to do with it shop counters , shelves, etc. are also particularly suitable.